Josh Bersin谈How To Create Talent Density 如何打造人才密度
Josh Bersin发表文章谈到：在过去几年里，我注意到大公司的表现开始不如小公司。我们现在看到苹果和谷歌都出现了这种情况，而微软应对这一挑战也有相当长的一段时间了。 随着公司的发展，帮助我们推动组织绩效的一个重要理念就是人才密度。这篇文章讨论了人才密度的概念，即公司中技能、能力和表现的质量和密度。强调传统的员工绩效评估模型已导致平庸。建议采用人才密度方法，包括招聘增加或乘数效应的人才，基于帕累托分布管理绩效，以及专注于赋权、反馈和领导力。文章强调，为了创新和市场竞争力，尤其在AI和技术进步的背景下，维持高人才密度的重要性。
In this (long) article, I want to talk about a new concept called Talent density. And as I pondered the concept I think it represents one of the more important topics in management. So I hope you find it as interesting as I do.
First of all, the concept of talent density, pioneered by Netflix by the way, is simple.
Talent Density is the quality and density of skills, capabilities and performance you have in your company.
So, if you have a company that is 100% high performers, you’re very dense. If you have a company that’s 20% high performers, you’re not very dense. It’s easy to understand, but hard to implement, because it gets to the point of how we define performance, how we select people to hire, how we decide who’s going to get promoted, how we decide who’s going to work on what project and how we’re going to distribute pay.
So before I explain talent density, let’s talk about the basic beliefs most companies have. Most organizations believe that they’re operating with a normal distribution or bell curve of performance. I don’t know why that statistical model has been applied to organizations, but it has become almost a standard policy. (Academics have proven it false, as I explain below.)
Using the bell curve, we identify the “mean” or average performance, and then categorize performance into five levels. Number ones are two standard deviations to the right and number fives are two standard deviations to the left.
The people operating at level one get a big raise, the people operating at level two get medium raise, the people operating at level three get an average raise, the people operating at level four get a below average raise and the people operating at level five probably need to leave. Lots of politics in the process, but that’s typically how it works.
As I describe in The Myth of The Bell Curve, these performance and pay strategies have been used for decades. And at scale they create a mediocrity-centered organization, because the statistics limit the quantity and value of 1’s. If you’re operating at 1 level and you get a 2, you’ll quit. If you’re operating at 3 level, you’re probably going to coast. You get my drift. And since the bulk of the company is rated 2 or 3, most of the managers are in the middle.
As the saying goes, A managers hire A people, B managers hire C people. So over time, if not constantly tuned, we end up with an organization that is almost destined to be medium in performance.
Now I’m not saying every company goes through this process, but if you look at the productivity per employee in large organizations it’s almost always below that of smaller organizations. Why? Because as organizations grow, the talent density declines. (Netflix, as an example, example, generates almost $3M of revenue per employee, twice that of Google and 10X that of Disney. And they are the only profitable streaming company, with fewer than 20,000 employees and a $240 billion market cap.)
The traditional model was fine in the industrial age when we had a surplus of talent, jobs were clearly defined, and most employees were measure by the “number of widgets they produced.” In those days we could swap out a “low performer” for a “high performer” because there were lots of people in the job market.
We don’t live in that world anymore. The world we now live in has sub 4% unemployment, a constant shortage of key skills, and a growing shortage of labor. And thanks to automation and AI, the revenue or value per person has skyrocketed, almost an order of magnitude higher than it was 30 years ago.
So we need a better way to think about performance in a world where companies with fewer people can outperform those who get too big. Look at how Salesforce, Google, Apple, who are essentially creative companies, have slowed their ability to innovate as they get bigger. Look at how OpenAI, who is a tiny company, is outperforming Google and Microsoft.
Today most businesses outperform through innovation, time to market, customer intimacy, or IP – not through scale or “harder work.”
How do we maintain a high level of talent density when we’re growing the company and hiring lots of people? Netflix wrote the book on this, so let me give you the story.
First, the hiring process should focus on talent density, not butts in seats. Rather than hire someone to “fill a role” we look for someone who is additive or multiplicative to the entire team. Hire someone that challenges the status quo and brings new ideas, skills, and ideas beyond the “job” as defined. Netflix values courage, innovation, selflessness, inclusion, and teamwork, for example. These are not statements about “doing your job as defined.”
Netflix’s idea is that each incremental hire should make everybody else in the company and everybody else in the team produce at a higher level. Now this is a threatening thing for an insecure manager because most managers don’t want to hire somebody that could take their job away. But that’s why we have this problem.
Second, we need to manage or create some type of performance management process that is built around the Pareto distribution (also called the Power Law) and not the normal distribution. In the Pareto distribution or the power law, we have a small number of people who generate an outsized level of performance, you can call it the 80/20 rule or the 90/10 rule. (20% of the people do 80% of the work)
Studies have shown that companies and many populations work this way, and it makes sense. Think about athletes, where a small number of super athletes are 2-3 better than their peers. The same thing is true in music, science, and entertainment. It’s also true in sales and many business disciplines.
Research conducted in 2011 and 2012 by Ernest O’Boyle Jr. and Herman Aguinis (633,263 researchers, entertainers, politicians, and athletes in a total of 198 samples). found that performance in 94 percent of these groups did not follow a normal distribution. Rather these groups fall into what is called a “Power Law” distribution.
In every population of human beings there are a few people who just have God-given gifts to outperform in the job, and they just naturally seem to be far better than everyone else.
Bill Gates once told the company that there were of the three engineers that he felt made the company of Microsoft. And I’ve heard this in many other companies, where one software engineer and the right role can do the work of 10 other people.
Now, this is not to say that everybody will fall into one level of the Pareto distribution. At a given point in time in your career, you may be in the 80% and over time, as you learn and grow and find the things that you’re naturally good at, you’ll end up in the 20%. But in a given company this is a dynamic that’s constantly taking place. And that’s what Netflix is doing – constantly working on talent density.
What does this mean for performance management? It means that in order to care for a population like this, we have to hire differently, avoid the bell curve, and pay high performers well. Not just a little more than everybody else, a lot more. And that’s what happens in sports and entertainment, so why not in business.
If you look at companies like Google, Microsoft, and others, there are individuals in those companies that make two to three times more than their peers. And as long as these decisions are made based on performance, people are fine with it.
What obviously does not work is when person making all the money is the person who’s the best politician, best looking, or most popular.
And that leads me to item three: In the Netflix culture there’s a massive amount of empowerment, 360 feedback, candor and honesty. You’ve probably read the Netflix culture manifesto: it’s all about the need for people to be honest, to speak truth, to give each other feedback, and to focus on judgement, courage, and accountability. Netflix only recently added job levels: they didn’t have job levels for many years.
Giving people feedback is a challenge because it’s uncomfortable. So this has to to start at the top and it has to be done in a developmental, honest way. This does not mean people should threaten or disparage each other, but we all need to know that at the end of a project or the end of the meeting it’s okay for somebody to tell us “here’s what was great about that and here’s what wasn’t great about it.”
One of the most important institutions in the world, the US military lives, eats and dies by this process. If you’re in the military and you mess something up, you can guarantee that somebody’s going to tell you about it, and you’re going to get some help making sure you don’t do it again. We don’t have life or death situations in companies, but we can certainly use this kind of discipline.
The fourth thing that matters in talent density is leadership and goal setting. One of the things that really gets in the way of a high performing company is too many individual goals, too many siloed projects and responsibilities and people not seeing the big picture.
If your goal setting and performance management process is 100% based on individual performance you are sub-optimizing your company. Not only does this work against teamwork, but there really isn’t a single thing in a company that anybody can do alone. So our performance management research continuously shows that people should be rewarded for both their achievements as well as that of the team. (Here’s the research to explain.)
Why is talent density important right now? Let me mention a few reasons.
First, we’re entering a period of low unemployment so every hire is going to be challenging. And thanks to AI, companies are going to be able to operate with smaller teams. What better time to think about how to “trim down” your company so it’s performing at its best?
Second, the transformations from AI are going to require a lot of flexibility and learning agility in your company. You want a highly focused, well aligned team to help make that happen. And while AI will help every company improve, your ability to leverage AI quickly will turn into a competitive advantage (think back about how web and digital and e-commerce did the same).
(I firmly believe the companies with the most ingenious applications of AI will disrupt their competitors. I’m still amazed at Whole Food’s hand recognition checkout process: I can see self-service coffee, groceries, and other retail and hospitality coming.)
Third, the post-industrial business world is going to start to devalue huge, lumbering organizations. Many big companies just need a lot of people, but as Southwest Airlines taught us long ago, it’s the small team that performs well. So if you can’t break your company into small high-performing teams, your talent density will suffer.
When the book is written on Apple’s $10 Billion car, I bet one problem was the size and scale of the team. We’ll see soon enough. By the way, I still recommend everyone read “The Mythical Man-Month,” which to me is the bible of organizing around small teams.
What if you’re a healthcare provider, retailer, manufacturer, hospitality company? Does talent density apply to you? Absolutely! Go into a Costco and see how happy and engaged the employees are. Then go into a poorly run retailer and you’ll feel the difference.
In my book Irresistible I give examples of companies who embrace what I call “the unquenchable power of the human spirit.” Nobody wants to feel like they’re underperforming. With the right focus on accountability and growth we can help everyone out-perform their expectations.
Now is a time rethink how our organizations work. Not only should we promote and reward the hyper-performers, the Pareto rule and Talent Density thinking encourage us to help mid-level performers learn, grow, and transform themselves into superstars.
Let’s throw away the old ideas of bell curve, forced distribution, and simplistic performance management. Companies that push for everlasting high performance are energizing places to work, they deliver outstanding products and services, and they’re great investments for stakeholders.
AI中文翻译：
在这篇篇幅较长的文章中，我想探讨一个被称为“人才密度”的新概念。思考此概念时，我认为它是管理领域中极其重要的议题之一。希望您能像我一样发现其趣味性。
首先，Netflix首创的“人才密度”概念其实很简单。
人才密度指的是公司内部技能、能力和表现的质量与密集程度。
换句话说，如果你的公司全是高绩效人才，那么你的“人才密度”就很高。如果只有20%是高绩效人才，那么你的“人才密度”就不高。这个概念虽然容易理解，但实际执行起来却颇具挑战，因为它涉及到我们如何定义绩效、招聘员工的标准、晋升决策、项目分配以及薪酬分配。
在详细解释“人才密度”之前，让我们先看看大多数公司的基本信念。许多组织相信，他们的员工表现遵循一个正态分布或钟形曲线。这个统计模型为何被广泛应用于组织之中，我并不清楚，但它几乎已成为标准做法。（实际上，如我下文将解释的，学术研究已证明这一模型是错误的。）
采用钟形曲线，我们确定平均表现（即“平均线”），然后将员工的表现划分为五个等级。表现最好的被归为一级，标准为右偏两个标准差；表现最差的被归为五级，左偏两个标准差。
一级表现者获得大幅度加薪，二级表现者获得中等加薪，三级表现者获得平均水平的加薪，四级表现者加薪低于平均，五级表现者可能就需要离开公司了。虽然这个过程充满了政治操作，但这就是它通常的运作方式。
正如我在《钟形曲线的神话》中所述，这些关于绩效和薪酬的策略已经使用了数十年。而且，当这些策略在大规模下实施时，它们会造成以平庸为中心的组织文化，因为这种统计方法限制了顶尖人才的数量和价值。如果你是一级表现者却被评为二级，你很可能就会选择离职。如果你是三级表现者，你可能就会选择安于现状。你应该明白我的意思了。而且，由于大部分员工的评级为二级或三级，大多数管理者也就处于中等水平。
常言道，A级的管理者招聘A级人才，B级的管理者则招聘C级人才。因此，如果不持续进行优化调整，组织最终几乎注定会变得中庸。
我并不是说每家公司都会经历这一过程，但如果你查看大型组织的员工生产率，通常都低于小型组织的生产率。为什么呢？因为随着组织规模的扩大，“人才密度”往往会下降。（以Netflix为例，其每名员工创造的收入几乎为300万美元，是Google的两倍，是迪士尼的十倍。他们是唯一盈利的流媒体公司，员工不足20,000人，市值2400亿美元。）
在工业时代，人才供过于求，工作职责明确，大多数员工的表现以“生产的产品数量”来衡量。那个时候，低绩效者可以轻松地被高绩效者替换，因为劳动市场上有大量的人才可供选择。
但我们不再生活在那个时代了。在我们现在的世界里，失业率低于4%，关键技能持续短缺，劳动力整体也日益减少。而且，得益于自动化和AI技术，每位员工创造的收入或价值比30年前高出了几个数量级。
因此，在一个人员更少的公司可以超越体量更大的公司的世界中，我们需要一种更好的绩效思考方式。看看Salesforce、Google、Apple这些本质上依靠创新的公司，随着规模扩大，它们的创新能力如何变缓。再看看OpenAI，尽管是一个小公司，却在超越Google和Microsoft。
如今，大多数企业通过创新、市场响应速度、客户亲密度或知识产权而非规模或“更加努力的工作”来实现超越。
在我们不断发展公司并招聘大量人员的同时，我们如何保持高水平的“人才密度”？Netflix在此领域有着开创性的工作，让我来分享一下他们的故事。
首先，招聘过程应专注于提高“人才密度”，而不是仅仅为了填补空缺。我们寻找的不是简单地“填补一个角色”的人，而是能够为整个团队带来正面或倍增效果的人才。我们寻找的是那些能够挑战现状、带来新观点和技能，并超出传统“工作定义”的人。例如，Netflix重视勇气、创新、无私、包容和团队合作等价值观，并不仅仅是“完成既定工作”。
Netflix的理念是，每一次新增的招聘都应该使公司内每个人和团队的每个成员的生产力得到提升。这对于那些缺乏安全感的管理者来说可能是个挑战，因为大多数管理者并不希望招聘可能会取代他们的人。但正是这种思维方式导致了我们当前的问题。
其次，我们需要建立或改进一种围绕帕累托分布（也称作幂律分布）而非正态分布的绩效管理流程。在帕累托分布或幂律分布中，少数人贡献了超出常规的绩效水平，这可以称作80/20规则或90/10规则。（即20%的人完成了80%的工作）
研究显示，许多公司和人群实际上都是以这种方式运作的，这是合理的。想想那些在体育、音乐、科学和娱乐领域表现出色的人，其中少数顶尖人才的表现是同龄人的两到三倍。销售和许多商业领域也是如此。
2011年和2012年由Ernest O’Boyle Jr.和Herman Aguinis进行的研究（涵盖了633,263名研究人员、艺术家、政治家和运动员，共198个样本）发现，这94%的群体的表现并不遵循正态分布，而是呈现所谓的“幂律分布”。
在每个人群中，总有少数人因为天赋异禀，在工作中表现出色，自然而然地比其他人优秀得多。
比尔·盖茨曾经对微软说过，他认为公司中的三名工程师是公司的基石。我也在许多其他公司听到过类似的故事，其中一位软件工程师在合适的位置上可以完成其他十人的工作量。
这并不意味着每个人都将被归入帕累托分布的某一层级。在你职业生涯的某个阶段，你可能处于80%的群体中，但随着你不断学习、成长并找到自己真正擅长的领域，你最终可能进入20%的群体。但在任何一个公司，这种动态都在不断发生。这就是Netflix一直在努力提升“人才密度”的原因。
这对绩效管理意味着什么？这意味着，为了照顾这样一个群体，我们必须采取不同的招聘方式，避免使用钟形曲线，并且为高绩效者提供丰厚的薪酬。这不仅仅是支付比其他人稍微多一点的薪水，而是要多得多。这在体育和娱乐领域已经是常态，那么为什么不可以应用到商业领域呢？
如果你观察Google、Microsoft等公司，你会发现，这些公司中的个别人物赚取的收入是他们同事的两到三倍。只要这些决策基于绩效，大家通常都能接受它。
当然，不起作用的情况是，赚取高薪的是那些最擅长政治、外表最出众或最受欢迎的人。
这就引出了第三点：在Netflix的文化中，存在着大量的授权、360度反馈、直率和诚实。您可能已经读过Netflix的文化宣言，它强调人们需要诚实、坦诚、互相提供反馈，并专注于判断力、勇气和责任感。直到最近，Netflix才引入了职级制度——在很多年里，他们根本没有职级制度。
提供反馈是挑战性的，因为这会使人感到不适。因此，这个过程必须从高层开始，并以一种促进发展、诚实的方式进行。这并不意味着人们应互相威胁或贬低，但我们都需要明白，在项目结束或会议结束时，对方告诉我们“这是成功之处，这是失败之处”是完全可以接受的。
美国军队是世界上最重要的机构之一，它依靠这种过程生存、发展和克服困难。如果你在军队犯错，你可以确信会有人告诉你，并且你会得到帮助以确保你不会再犯同样的错误。虽然公司里没有生死攸关的情况，但我们完全可以借鉴这种纪律性。
在“人才密度”中很重要的第四点是领导力和目标设定。阻碍高绩效公司发展的一个常见问题是过多的个人目标、孤立的项目和职责，以及员工无法看到整体大局。
如果你的目标设定和绩效管理过程完全基于个人表现，那么你就在削弱你的公司。这不仅阻碍了团队合作，而且实际上没有什么是公司内任何人能够独立完成的。因此，我们的绩效管理研究不断表明，人们应该同时因其个人成就和团队成就而获得奖励。（这是相关的研究。）
为什么“人才密度”在当前尤为重要？我来列举几个原因。
首先，我们正处于一个失业率低的时期，因此每次招聘都将是一个挑战。而且，随着AI技术的帮助，公司将能够以更小的团队运作。在这样一个时刻，有什么比考虑如何“精简”你的公司、使其发挥最佳表现更合适的时机呢？
其次，随着AI的变革，你的公司将需要极大的灵活性和学习适应能力。你需要一个高度专注、良好协调的团队来实现这一目标。而且，尽管AI将帮助每个公司提高效率，但你快速应用AI的能力将变成一个竞争优势（回想一下网站、数字化和电子商务如何实现了同样的事情）。
（我坚信，那些能够巧妙应用AI的公司将会颠覆它们的竞争对手。我对Whole Foods的手掌识别结账过程仍感到惊讶：我预见到自助服务咖啡、杂货及其他零售和酒店业务的出现。）
第三，后工业时代的商业世界将开始贬低庞大、笨重的组织。许多大公司只是需要大量员工，但正如西南航空所示，小团队的表现通常更好。因此，如果你无法将你的公司划分为小型高效团队，你的“人才密度”将受到影响。
当有关Apple的100亿美元汽车项目的书籍编写时，我敢打赌问题之一将是团队的规模和规模。我们很快就会发现。顺便说一下，我还是推荐每个人阅读《神话般的人月》，对我而言，这本书是关于围绕小团队进行组织的经典之作。
如果你是医疗服务提供者、零售商、制造商或酒店业者，“人才密度”是否适用于你？当然适用！走进一家Costco，看看员工是多么的开心和投入。然后走进一个管理混乱的零售商，你就能感受到区别。
在我的书《不可抗拒》中，我列出了那些拥抱我所称之为“人类精神不可磨灭力量”的公司的例子。没有人愿意觉得自己表现不佳。通过适当的关注责任和成长，我们可以帮助每个人超越他们自己的期望。
现在是时候重新考虑我们的组织如何运作了。我们不仅应该提升和奖励顶尖表现者，帕累托法则和“人才密度”思维还鼓励我们帮助中等表现者学习、成长，并将自己转变为明星。
让我们抛弃旧的钟形曲线、强制分配和简单化绩效管理的想法。不断追求高绩效的公司是充满活力的工作场所，他们提供卓越的产品和服务，并且对投资者而言是极好的投资。
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Top 7 Recruitment Strategies for 2024Hear from the HR leaders delivering breakthrough experiences for their people and get the latest insights and advice from our team of XM Scientists. Nicole Parish and Ruth D'Alessandro working at Qualitrics for many years are introducing us the top 7 recruitment strategies for 2024.
As the disrupted world of work evolves, so do the challenges and opportunities for recruiters. We explore the top 7 recruitment strategies - from employer branding to AI and data-driven decision making - to help you attract and hire the best talent in 2024.
The challenges for recruiters and HR teams over the last four years have been immense. The Covid-19 pandemic and its aftermath, the almost overnight switch to remote working, workplace disruption, global instability, talent shortages, The Great Resignation, balancing hybrid working with business outcomes, and the explosion of AI technology have tested even the most experienced human resources specialists.
And HR departments themselves, especially those in the tech sector, have been hard hit since the spring of 2022, with lots of layoffs further stretching the teams. As a result of high recruiter unemployment, these teams may be short-handed, and unable to take on more responsibility.
This is where recruitment strategies need to help people work smarter, not harder. The key to staying competitive in talent acquisition and recruitment is understanding the important new trends and where HR technology slots in to be friend, not foe.
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1. Get your employer branding right
Employer brand has historically been seen as a ‘nice to have’, but is now moving into the ‘must have’ space - highlighting how recruiters need to be employer brand focused, even if they don’t have an employer brand team.
Employer branding is how a company markets itself to both internal and potential employees. If you were to ask employees what it’s like to work for a company, they’re unlikely to talk about the products, goods and services – instead they’ll highlight management, conditions, culture, and values.
What if you could capture all the above in a single, comprehensive document to present to job seekers that says,‘what can we offer you as an employee?’ You can. It’s called an EVP (employer value proposition) and it’s your shop window to show that you’re a desirable employer.
An EVP outlines:
Opportunities
What the people are like
Organization’s prestige
What the work is like
The rewards
The very best EVPs focus on the ‘Give and Get’ concept: while they outline what the organization offers, they’re brutally honest about what employees are expected to do in return. This ‘warts and all’ transparency naturally sorts applicants by attracting the right, passionate, resilient candidates who embrace challenge, and putting off casual applicants who might be a fit for the job, but who might find a mismatch between their expectations and what the company provides. When a company aligns great employer branding with an enviable EVP, it’s a recipe for attracting and retaining top talent.
2. Go all out with recruitment marketing
While employer branding and your EVP defines who you are as an organization, what makes you different and the value you can give candidates in return for their commitment and hard work, recruitment marketing is how you get that message out there.
It’s a marketing process that begins before candidates even apply for a job: using specific campaigns to attract and nurture talented people so that they apply for specific jobs in specific locations as they become open.
There’s a trifecta of stages in the recruitment marketing process:
Awareness: moving from “I haven’t heard of this brand” to “this brand seems interesting”
Interest: then moving from “this brand seems interesting” to “I might apply for a job there”
Consideration: finally, moving from “I might apply for a job there” to “I have applied for a job there”
And some of the ways to get your recruitment marketing rolling include:
Attractive job ads
Bright, bold design, screaming your brand and littered with snappy, search-optimized copy will ensure your ads get found in searches, and that they catch the eye and pique interest.
Content marketing
Great content that informs, educates and entertains, offering more than advertising, will bring your brand to life. Ideally create your own content, or use materials that are already circulating in the organization to publish blogs, articles and listicles that add value for readers.
Social media campaigns
Nearly everyone’s scrolling through the likes of TikTok, Instagram, LinkedIn, Threads, X, Facebook, and Snapchat, so it follows that social media is a powerful recruitment marketing tool. But your postings have to be engaging and authentic, catching the trends and memes of the moment, not boring corporate job ads.
Build multi-purpose content and then activate it everywhere you can! Identify the channels and types of content you can produce, then ensure each piece of content you create can be used in all of those spaces in some way. Niche job boards, popular job fairs, your careers page, college recruiting. You’ll maximize your inputs and create a seamless brand look and feel.
3. Create the best candidate experience
Today’s candidate that you turn down may be tomorrow’s candidate, or maybe tomorrow’s client, so it pays to treasure every candidate, successful or not, and keep that positive connection going.
Candidate experience is the sum of all the interactions a candidate has with you as a potential employer, across the whole recruitment cycle, from job ad to interview to hire (or not) and beyond. It’s crucial that you manage every candidate well. For those who join your company, it sets the tone for their employee experience – how engaged they’ll be and how well they’ll perform. For those who are not successful, you’ll leave a good impression that may make them want to reapply and recommend you to other people.
There are three areas where you can make a real impact on your candidates’ experience:
Application process
Communication
Feedback
Application process
All too often, the application process can be long-winded and clunky. For example, you have candidates’ resumes – they don’t need to keep retyping all their information into open text boxes over and over again. Similarly, you don’t need to have the same briefing call in person with every candidate before their interview – consider sending a pre-recorded video with all the necessary information, then giving candidates space to digest it before a follow up. Focus on efficient hiring and streamlining decision-making at critical milestones along the candidate journey.
Communication
One of the most dispiriting things for prospective candidates about job applications is spending several hours of their lives filling in application forms, crafting covering letters, maybe attending interviews – and then hearing nothing. And the chances are the candidates won’t have a good word to say about the brands that couldn’t be bothered to contact them.
Communicating well and often with candidates instantly sets you apart as a good employer. And with the availability of information technology and automation, there’s really no excuse not to send even an automated email or message to keep people updated about their application.
You can go a step further and make it easy for qualified candidates to contact you. Maybe appoint a designated contact person for questions or concerns, or even set up a Slack stream for candidates to chat with current employees while their application is processed.
And although it’s not fun to do, it’s also essential that you let your unsuccessful job seekers know when the position has been filled.
Feedback
For a lot of candidates, one of the most important aspects of any recruiting process is the feedback they receive — whether they’re successful or not. And the reason for this is simple: it helps them to identify where they can improve. And for the organization, as well as helping them decide whether to hire someone, it helps them understand how their interview and recruitment process is performing.
Interview feedback should:
Be concise and actionable
Cover the whole hiring process
Be collected in a timely way
And – importantly - don’t forget to ask candidates how they felt about the recruitment process – this is essential for identifying gaps in your candidate experience so you can close them, and meet the expectations of every job seeker who engages with your organization.
4. Use your hiring manager and hiring team
You already have powerful advocates for your recruiting process – your hiring manager and their teams. Their networks may give more access to appropriate talent than recruiters, and carry more weight. The hiring manager is often a candidate’s ‘go to’ professional to be convinced that they’re a great fit for the job. Conversely, some hiring managers tend to micromanage their recruiters, wanting more and more candidates, without appreciating quite how influential they themselves are for attracting them – if only they can direct their energies in the most useful way.
Here are some ideas for making your hiring managers and their teams useful:
Screen-record a short fireside chat with the manager and their team, talking about the new role and how it fits in their organization. Upload it to LinkedIn to create engaging content and attract more qualified candidates for very little work.
Get the hiring manager to make a short LinkedIn video about the job, and what they're like as a manager. Bonus points if they talk about how they’re developing based on feedback in their engagement scores!
Ask the hiring manager and the team to share the job on their professional networks, using EVP-aligned messaging about the role, the company, and the team
If you have a Brand Ambassador program, enroll the hiring manager or hiring team members in it, so they can be proactive about sharing company news, professional developments, team photos to show how they function – and the open job
Encourage the hiring manager to publicly celebrate their team or team wins where appropriate, (and if that's their management style)
Interact with the job posts made by the recruiter, hiring manager or a member of the team to drive better engagement from the LinkedIn algorithm.
All these things can bring additional value to the attraction phase of the recruiting process, and also add value to the recruiter’s communications (for example, use that same fireside chat in an In-Mail or a nurture campaign during the recruitment process).
These actions won’t take up much of a hiring manager’s time, but they’ll create:
Greater engagement with their jobs
Resources that can be used any time they recruit for that job
Higher candidate engagement through the recruitment process, resulting in better offer acceptance rates and higher new employee engagement
Increased brand influence
Speedier hiring.
And the best part? The hiring manager and their team can do all of these things in less than 20 minutes a week and with zero budget.
5. Nurture your talent communities
What is a talent community? In short, anyone showing an interest in your organization is your talent community, and they need nurturing in robust and meaningful ways. A talent community provides two-way communication and information sharing between recruiter, potential candidates, and sometimes current employees who act as brand ambassadors.
A talent community doesn’t form on its own. It needs to be created, nurtured and maintained, usually digitally, via social media, messaging and email newsletters. It’s your opportunity to build awareness and provide transparency into critical parts of the employee experience that applicants want to know about before they join your company, thereby avoiding late-stage withdrawals. And unsuccessful candidates receive short, nurturing emails that are consistent and useful.
At Qualtrics, we treat everyone as part of our talent community. We send a monthly global newsletter aligned to our EVP, and then segmented newsletters once a quarter to align with our focused areas of talent. We think this is best practice because it provides options for candidates to opt out, gives consistency, and ensures our EVP (and its Give and Get) are at the root of our relationship with the candidate.
6. Embrace automation to make candidate experience better…
Recruiters love to hold the reins for everything, but that can sometimes become too much, so AI and automation are your friends here. HR technology such as candidate relationship management systems (CRM) can help:
Identify and engage with passive, qualified candidates
Surface ‘good fit’ candidates for job opportunities
Screen suitable candidates
Track applicants with an applicant tracking system (ATS)
Update applicant status
Schedule interviews
Perform background checks
Keep in touch with talent communities
7.…but don’t lose the human touch
CRM systems can have so much automation that it’s easy to forget that, ultimately, you are dealing with real people. so, best practice is based on emphasizing the human experience:
Bring some humanity into the process
Everyone deserves basic courtesy. While most people accept a ‘thanks for applying’ to an initial application, once people have been through some interview rounds they deserve to be ‘courteously declined’. Providing feedback, suggestions for developing skills or experience, and/or an honest assessment of the candidate’s chances of being considered for another role, all make the process much more human.
Acknowledge every candidate
65% of people say they rarely, if ever, receive communication about their application status. Candidates with poor recruitment experiences are more likely to leave negative ratings on employer sites such as Glassdoor. Communicate personally and regularly with every applicant.
Keep the door open
Only around 25% of talent managers stay in touch with unsuccessful candidates. Yet a good CRM system can make much of this contact for you when all your candidates are added to it as a talent database.
How Qualtrics can help with your recruitment strategy
We know that candidate experience doesn’t just impact the quality of your recruitment strategy and hiring – it impacts your employer brand, the employee experience for those who get hired, and even organizational performance.
We’ll help you design and improve your candidate experience, to attract the best candidates and grow your talent pipeline, and tighten up processes around sourcing, recruiting, and interviewing talent – saving money.
You’ll receive insights into every candidate experience touchpoint that matters:
any stage of the candidate journey to see what went well and the actions you need to take to improve the experience
the data you need for every stage of the candidate’s experience, while making sure you’re not causing survey fatigue
total control over how often, when, and how your candidates are contacted, based on your preferences
We know that candidate experiences differ from role to role and organization to organization. That’s why Qualtrics® Candidate Experience Management Software is built to flex and contribute to any successful recruiting strategy.
SOURCE Qualtrics
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2024年01月17日
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AIHR:Measuring Employee Experience: A Practical Guide for 2024
Keeping your employees engaged, motivated, and satisfied throughout their journey with your organization is key to business success. Measuring employee experience allows HR professionals to understand how their workforce feels and ensure the team remains fulfilled.
In this article, we’ll explore how to measure employee experience, evaluate the results, and turn them into meaningful action.
Contents
What is employee experience (EX)?
Why measure employee experience?
How to measure employee experience
Best practices for measuring employee experience
FAQ
What is employee experience (EX)?
Employee experience (EX), in its simplest form, is how employees perceive their stay at your organization from when they apply for a job to after they leave.
It encompasses various dimensions – ranging from the physical workspace and technological tools being used to the organizational culture, professional growth opportunities made available, and social interactions they have with colleagues or superiors.
It’s more than just a collection of daily experiences at work; EX profoundly shapes an employee’s perceptions about their employer and impacts their decision to stay or leave.
DIVE DEEPEREmployee Experience vs. Employee Engagement: 4 Differences To Know
Why measure employee experience?
87% of employee experience experts say that a great employee experience helps retain and attract talent. However, only 51% of employees feel that their organization is delivering on the experience they promised.
By measuring employee experience, you can uncover and fix issues and discrepancies to reap the benefits of a satisfied and engaged workforce.
Let’s break down the reasons why you should measure employee experience.
Enhanced productivity and performance
Research shows that superior employee experience (EX) may lead to enhanced productivity.
Employees who feel satisfied, empowered, and valued are more motivated to perform at their highest level. They significantly contribute to organizational goals, which can result in an over 50% increase in revenue.
By focusing on optimizing the employee journey – from end to end – companies can foster a work environment that stimulates both individual and team performance.
LEARN MORE23 Key Employee Experience Statistics You Should Know in 2024
Retaining talent
Monitoring and enhancing EX levels significantly contributes to improving retention rates. Employees who resonate with their company culture and find meaning in their work stay longer in their organizations.
Examining facets like workplace habits or preferences provides employers invaluable insights related to employee experience – which ultimately feeds into long-term staff retention strategies.
Making informed decisions related to HR practices
A robust method of measuring employee experience offers in-depth insights into how employees perceive things such as career development opportunities or even intricate details like office seating arrangements.
This helps HR shape policies and practices strategically and make smarter decisions that maximize the workforce potential while actively minimizing discontentment factors.
Enhanced customer experience
A happier workforce equals happier customers. Companies with great employee experience report 2X as high customer satisfaction levels compared to businesses scoring low on employee experience.
A well-executed EX strategy will aid your organization in delivering higher standards of service, creating a ripple effect that extends far beyond merely measuring employee experience for internal benefit.
Australian Defence Bank collaborated with the employee and customer experience management platform Insync to measure and improve EX and CX.
Investing in their employees has helped them build a motivated workforce and get outstanding business results. Not only are they in the top 10% for employee engagement compared to other financial organizations, but they have also achieved record deposit growth in transaction and savings account balances.
Innovation, growth, and improved organizational performance
As we’ve already alluded to, keeping your finger on the pulse of EX can set the scene for broader innovation and growth within an organization.
Employee experience goes hand in hand with employee engagement, which helps foster an innovative culture and a passionate commitment to ongoing improvement—an infallible recipe to drive the company performance northward.
To sum it up, measuring employee experience isn’t simply good practice, but it can bring numerous strategic benefits that make a profound impact on organizations and their competitive standing in the market.
How to measure employee experience
Employee experience is a multifaceted and intangible concept, which is not easy to quantify at first sight. Successfully measuring it involves defining relevant employee experience metrics and methods of measurement to collect the data.
Let’s take a closer look.
1. Define and track employee experience metrics
Employee experience metrics allow organizations to gain insight into the wellbeing, satisfaction, and productivity of their teams. The following metrics serve as good indicators of the employee experience levels at your organization:
Retention rates
Retention rates signify how many employees remained within the company over a specified period. A high employee retention rate generally implies positive experiences at work, while low rates indicate potential problems or dissatisfactions among staff.
Intent to stay
This metric shows how many employees foresee themselves staying with an organization over a lengthy period. It can provide insights into the workforce’s commitment level and their perception of future opportunities within the company.
Number of employee referrals
The number of referrals from existing staff suggests how highly they rate working within the organization. The higher this figure is, the more positive opinions workers hold about their employee experience, and that’s why they’re willing to recommend you as an employer.
Productivity metrics
Productivity indicators such as performance ratings or meeting project deadlines can reveal a lot about how efficiently an employee works. High productivity levels generally imply a supportive environment that propels the team towards achieving set objectives.
Employee Net Promoter Score (eNPS)
The eNPS asks employees on a scale from 0-10 whether they would recommend their place of work to others – typically friends or family members. The data gleaned helps appraise the overall employee experience levels.
Employee Experience Index
The Employee Experience Index score takes into account an array of factors influencing the overall workplace atmosphere, like engagement levels, empowerment feelings, job fulfillment factors, and key performance indicator achievement. It provides a holistic overview of what it might be like working for your organization.
The exact dimensions of the Employee Experience Index depend on how an organization defines it. Two well-known Employee Experience Index systems have been developed by IBM and Forrester.
2. Administer surveys
Once you know what insights you’re hoping to gain, you can start collecting data. Surveys are an indispensable tool for measuring employee experience.
There are a couple of types of surveys that you can utilize.
Employee experience surveys
Employee experience surveys provide an avenue for employees to confidentially share views about their workplace, its leadership practices, and its culture. Organizations typically conduct employee experience surveys annually, bi-annually, or quarterly.
Including both quantitative and qualitative questions in your survey will provide you with comprehensive data on your respondents’ perspectives.
Quantitative questions, usually closed-ended, help gather structured data that you can do a statistical analysis of, revealing patterns and trends in responses.
On the other hand, qualitative questions, typically open-ended, elicit descriptive and narrative responses that dive deeper into the nuances and complexities of participants’ experiences and feelings. These responses shed light on the ‘why’ and ‘how’ behind the numbers, uncovering the underlying motivations, beliefs, and emotions that drive behaviors and opinions.
By incorporating both types of questions, you can capture the breadth of information and the depth of insights.
Employee experience survey questions examples
Next to the eNPS question “On a scale from 1 to 10, how likely are you to recommend our organization as a place to work to your friends and family?”, examples of quantitative employee experience survey questions include:
On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being “Not at all” and 10 being “Extremely”:
How satisfied are you with the opportunities for professional development within the company?
How confident do you feel in your current role and responsibilities?
How supported do you feel by your direct supervisor or manager?
Qualitative questions you can consider covering in your survey are:
In your opinion, what 2-3 changes could be made to improve the overall work environment and culture?
What aspects of our company’s culture do you value the most?
If you could recommend one thing to improve team collaboration, what would it be and why?
Pulse surveys
Pulse surveys are short, frequent surveys designed to quickly capture employee feedback and continuously gauge overall sentiment about their workplace experience.
Focusing on a few key questions, they are less burdensome for employees, leading to higher response rates. These surveys can help organizations zoom in on current events or specific workplace issues that impact employee experience.
However, regularly collecting data can lead to an abundance of information. Organizations must have the capacity and tools to analyze and act on this data to prevent it from becoming overwhelming or underutilized.
It’s crucial to use pulse surveys strategically and in combination with other feedback mechanisms to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the employee experience.
New hire surveys
New hire surveys help you capture insights about one of the most crucial “moments that matter” in an employee’s journey: their onboarding. This initial phase sets the tone for an employee’s tenure with the company, shaping their perceptions, expectations, and overall sentiment toward the organization.
You can glean valuable feedback about the effectiveness of your onboarding processes, the clarity of role expectations, and the cultural immersion experience.
This feedback not only provides a snapshot of the new employees’ experience but also offers actionable insights for organizations to refine their onboarding processes so that they create a positive and lasting first impression.
3. Conduct qualitative interviews
One-on-one dialogues with employees afford a deeper understanding of the intricacies at play regarding the overall employee experience.
By conducting employee interviews, you can complement and enrich your survey data. They provide you with an excellent opportunity to ask open-ended questions and give your employees space to express their opinions and perceptions.
Two common types of interviews to gather qualitative data are stay interviews and exit interviews.
Stay interviews
These discussions aim to find out why employees opt to remain with an organization. HR professionals can then identify the positive aspects of their working experiences that should be reinforced or replicated.
Exit interviews
Exit interviews help you assess why employees leave your organization and how they see their time spent working for you. These discussions allow you to better understand the challenges our employees face at work, providing insights into potential corrective measures.
By adopting these varied approaches blending both quantitative and qualitative employee experience measurement methods, businesses can effectively gauge worker sentiments – thereby improving employee experiences and driving organizational success.
Best practices for measuring employee experience
Measuring employee experience effectively goes beyond defining relevant metrics and conducting surveys and interviews.
To get a comprehensive view of employee experience at your organization and put your findings into action, you need to follow these five best practices.
Setting clear objectives
Begin with a set of distinct objectives that align with your company’s overall business strategy. This is crucial for accurately evaluating the employee experience.
Why exactly do you want to assess employee experience? Are you aiming to increase productivity or retention rates or encourage higher creativity levels across teams?
Your end goals play an indispensable role in determining which part of the employee journey needs focus and what type of feedback you need from the employees.
Conducting research across different employee groups
When you’re measuring employee experience, you need to recognize diversity within your workforce. That helps you accurately capture different facets of the work experiences of diverse groups in your organization.
Make sure to survey or interview employees from diverse backgrounds, different job levels, departments, and lengths of service to understand the unique challenges they might face.
Dell Technologies partnered with an employee experience measurement platform Voxxify to design a hybrid work plan for one of their European offices. Over 60% of employees responded to the survey, providing more than 2,100 individual comments.
The analysis results helped identify four areas of focus. These included updating the handbook for managers and employees for hybrid work considerations, defining the value of coming into the office, supporting employees’ mental wellness, and optimizing facilities and technology to enhance the work environment.
The office now sees occupancy rates of 60% or more on Tuesdays through Thursdays, and the success of the measurement effort has led to plans to repeat it annually.
Overcoming survey fatigue and ensuring participation
It may be tempting to send surveys left and right for comprehensive data collection when measuring employee experience. However, you should really avoid doing so. Survey fatigue can quickly pile up, draining previously enthusiastic participants’ eagerness to provide valuable insights.
To keep engagement high and maximize response rates, make sure your surveys are succinct yet thorough. Carefully plan your survey schedule to not overwhelm your team. For example, you can send out a comprehensive survey quarterly or bi-annually, with a couple of shorter pulse surveys in between.
It also helps to effectively communicate the purpose behind these assessments, so employees see them not as tasks but as avenues towards improving their work lives. You can, for instance, share examples of initiatives you implemented based on employee feedback.
Guaranteeing confidentiality
Nothing squashes honesty quicker than a sense of insecurity surrounding responses’ anonymity, which makes maintaining confidentiality critical to effective employee experience measurement.
If you use external applications for gathering feedback, emphasize their confidentiality features.
You should also invest in fostering an environment where employees feel they can honestly express thoughts and concerns without fear of retribution. Doing so will not only amplify trust but also provide you with more authentic data to work on.
Acting on employee feedback
Once you’ve gathered and analyzed employee feedback, it’s time to take action. Prioritize high-impact initiatives and create a plan for how to implement these.
Employees need to believe that their input sparks real change; otherwise, they might lose engagement in such processes altogether. Recognize employee contributions and communicate plans about future improvements based on their input clearly. Transparency here fosters a sense of responsibility among the staff and improves morale during periods of change.
Ultimately, measuring employee experience is a cyclical process. It starts from setting clear objectives leading up each step to enacting feedback-led changes and then identifying newer areas for improvement continuously.
Key takeaway
Staying on top of your employees’ experiences at work allows companies to detect dissatisfaction early enough and tackle issues before they develop into bigger problems. It’s a great way to improve HR practices and design employee experience that promotes productivity, talent retention rates, and ultimately a better workplace environment.
Relevant employee experience metrics help you quantify the concept and solidify your measurement process. Surveys and qualitative interviews give voice to your employees, offering rich insights into the workers’ perceptions of the workplace.
However, it’s the organization’s responsiveness to feedback that significantly impacts the effectiveness of measuring employee experience. It is key to not just listen but also take action based on employees’ feedback for positive changes.
FAQ
What are the most important employee experience metrics to measure?
When it comes to measuring employee experience, key metrics that organizations use include:
– Retention rates: Your business’s retention rates can reveal much about employees’ willingness to commit long-term to an organization.
– Intent to stay: Beyond just assessing current employee tenure, discerning whether staff members aspire to stay with the company for the foreseeable future is a valuable indicator of how they perceive their journey at your organization.
– Employee Net Promoter Score (eNPS): This quantifies how likely employees would recommend their workplace to others – a telling sign of overall satisfaction and positive employee experience.
A combination of several employee experience metrics paints a nuanced picture of overall employee experience in any organization.
Are surveys the best way to measure employee experience?
Surveys play an instrumental role in gauging overall employee experience levels—all thanks to their ability for large-scale data collection and sentiment analysis. They also provide insights into potential pain points and highlight areas for improvement according to actual employee sentiments.
However, while valuable, relying solely on surveys can lead to limited insights. Conducting different types of interviews, like stay and exit interviews, helps complement the survey data with deeper insights.
What is the Employee Experience Index?
The Employee Experience Index is a metric that aims to give a comprehensive view of employees’ experience. Essentially, it helps you gauge the overall ‘health’ of organizational culture and environment.
IBM’s Employee Experience Index assesses employee experience on five core dimensions: Belonging, Purpose, Achievement, Happiness, and Vigor.
The Employee Experience Index from Forrester evaluates three elements of EX: Empower, Inspire, and Enable.
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2023年11月18日
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视频：Leading Through Transformation The Future of HR in the AI Era
Leading Through Transformation The Future of HR in the AI Era
Jiajia Chen
Senior Group Product Manager
Nvidia
点击访问：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toiy_sBDXHs
以下为演讲稿翻译整理，仅供参考：
引领变革：人工智能时代人力资源的未来
欢迎大家，我很高兴有机会讨论一个自2022年底以来成为焦点的话题。随着chat的广泛成功，许多人开始思考一个问题：我还会有工作吗？对于一些父母来说，这个问题可能会有所不同：我的孩子将来会有工作吗？在深入这个问题之前，让我简单介绍一下自己。我早期的职业生涯涉及多个商业领域，包括人力资源，后来我专注于人工智能产品管理。我拥有几个学位，包括法律学位、MBA学位、经济学科学学位和软件工程学位。我曾在Nidia管理人工智能基础设施产品组合几年。去年晚些时候，我转移到另一个名为Nidia Omniverse的产品组，这是一个数字孪生平台工业元宇宙。我们的企业客户可以使用Omniverse来创建数字孪生工业元宇宙，通过利用模拟和生成性人工智能以及与大型生态系统合作。通过这些经历，我对人工智能和人力资源有了深刻的理解。在这次演讲中，我希望能提供一个框架，帮助大家思考如何在人工智能时代领导转型，如何保持相关性并比人工智能发展得更快。
人工智能并不是一个新概念。让我们快速回顾一下人工智能发展的简史，为今天的对话奠定基础。人工智能领域诞生于1950年代。1950年，艾伦·图灵提出了模仿人类智能的通用机器的概念。1956年，人工智能这一术语被创造出来。在1970年代和1980年代，人工智能最初的乐观预期开始减弱，因为进展没有达到高期望，人工智能研究的资金减少，领域经历了被称为人工智能冬天的时期。在人工智能冬天期间，研究人员专注于发展专家系统，这是基于规则的系统，旨在模仿人类专家在特定领域的知识和决策能力。这种方法在实际应用中取得了一些进展，例如医学诊断和工业自动化。1980年代，人工智能的焦点转向了机器学习和神经网络。机器学习算法允许计算机在没有明确编程的情况下从数据中学习，并做出预测或决策。受人类大脑结构启发的神经网络引起了关注，并被应用于各种任务，包括图像和语音识别。得益于大量数据的可用性和计算能力的进步，人工智能经历了复兴。Nidia的贡献是关键的。
2022年11月推出的ChatGPT标志着人工智能的关键时刻。生成性人工智能正在推动机器创造的边界。人工智能越来越多地融入各种应用和行业，正在金融、医疗保健、网络安全等领域发挥作用，转变行业并创造新的机会。
你们中有多少人尝试过ChatGPT？你们喜欢它的哪些功能？是否用它来草拟电子邮件、创建培训材料，或者提出棘手的问题，试图愚弄chat GPT，证明你的人类智能更高级？人工智能预计将在各个维度对工作场所产生重大变化。
以下是人工智能可能带来的九个变化。
首先，提高生产力：人工智能是否会提高生产力和经济增长？许多人这样预期，但也有很多人告诉你，到目前为止，这种生成性人工智能趋势并没有大幅提高生产力，除了提供一些有趣的玩具。你们中的一些人可能听说过“生产力悖论”，这是1970年代和1980年代在美国发生的现象。我的预测是，人工智能不会发生这种情况。人工智能可以更快地传播，且所需的资本投资更少。这是因为人工智能在短期内的应用主要是软件革命，所需的大部分基础设施，如计算设备、网络和云服务，已经到位。你现在可以通过手机立即使用chat GPT和迅速增长的类似软件。
其次，收入不平等：人工智能是否会带来自动化的奢华时代，还是只会加剧现有的不平等？美国国家经济研究局发布的一份报告称，自1980年以来，美国工资变化的50%到70%可以归因于蓝领工人被自动化取代或降级导致的工资下降。人工智能、机器人技术和新的复杂技术导致财富高度集中。直到最近，受过大学教育的白领专业人士基本上没有受到低教育工人的命运。拥有研究生学位的人看到他们的薪水上涨，而低教育工人的薪水显著下降。这一问题将加剧，低技能的白领工人也将受到影响。
第三，劳动力技能提升和风险转移：随着某些任务的自动化，人工智能需要专注于提升和重新技能化劳动力。员工需要获得新的技能和知识，以适应不断变化的工作要求，并有效地与人工智能系统协作。有关这一主题的研究很多，不同研究的数据也有所不同。彭博社的研究显示，由于人工智能对工作的影响，全球将有超过1.2亿工人在未来三年内需要重新培训。据信，由于人工智能相关部署，中国将有超过5000万工人需要重新培训。美国将需要重新培训1150万人，以适应劳动力市场的需求。巴西、日本和德国的数百万工人也将需要帮助应对人工智能、机器人技术及相关技术带来的变化。根据麦肯锡的一项研究，由于快速自动化的采用，多达3.75亿工人可能需要转换职业类别。
第四，重新定义工作角色：人工智能有潜力重塑工作角色并创造新的角色。一些任务和工作可能会完全自动化，导致某些领域的工作流失。然而，人工智能也为创造涉及管理和协作人工智能系统、分析人工智能生成的内容、开发和维护人工智能技术的新角色创造了机会。例子包括美国政府试图将制造业带回美国。许多人认为，像第二次世界大战后一样，将创造数百万高薪的蓝领工人工作。然而，这最有可能不会发生，因为在美国建造的新工厂几乎不会雇用许多人类工人。一切都将通过机器人或管理系统自动化。
第五，增强决策制定：人工智能系统可以分析大量数据，检测模式，并生成支持决策过程的洞察。这可以使员工和管理者获得更准确、更及时的信息，使各种职能（如运营、市场营销、财务、人力资源）的决策更加明智。2019年哈佛商业评论提出了一个概念，称为人工智能驱动的决策，与数据驱动的决策相比，它允许我们克服作为人类处理器的固有局限性，如低效和认知偏见，因为你可以指派机器来处理大量数据，让我们人类应用判断力、文化价值观和情境来选择决策选项。
第六，人工智能与人类的协作：人工智能技术使得人与智能系统之间的协作成为可能。这种协作可能涉及利用人工智能在数据分析、模式识别和预测方面的优势，而人类则提供批判性思维、创造力、同理心和复杂问题解决技能。如果能够有效地实现人与人工智能系统的协作，可以带来改进的成果和创新。的确，许多公司已经使用人工智能自动化流程，但到目前为止，证据表明，那些旨在取代员工的部署只会带来短期的生产力提升。在一项涉及1500家公司的基本研究中发现，当人类和机器一起工作时，公司取得了最显著的绩效提升。
第七，增强智能：人工智能可以通过补充和增强人类能力来增强人类智能。它可以协助人们执行诸如信息检索、数据分析和问题解决等任务。人工智能支持的虚拟助手和机器人可以为人们提供即时支持和指导，提高他们的效率和效果。
第八，伦理考虑：人工智能在工作场所的整合引发了与隐私、安全、公平、透明度和问责制相关的伦理考虑。组织需要建立伦理框架和指南来确保人工智能系统的合理和可信赖的开发和部署。
第九，监控和评估AI实施。这个变化涉及到持续监控人工智能在工作场所的影响，并从员工那里收集反馈，以识别改进领域。定期的评估和反馈循环将有助于完善人工智能的实施和使用，确保其在增进工作效率、创新和其他方面的应用是有效和恰当的。（以上为AI补充，仅供参考）
目前，我们已经详细讨论了人工智能在工作场所创造的变化，以及人力资源应该如何应对这些变化。
现在，让我分享这张早先在一次HR会议上使用的幻灯片。2016年，我在一个名为“HR新模型”的会议上发表了演讲。现在，让我们看看这个模型。一个典型的组织结构包括首席执行官、人力资源业务伙伴、共享服务和一个运营部门，支持管理者和员工群体。公司是否能用这个模型应对人工智能在工作场所带来的变化？我们是否需要一个不同的模型？在回答这个问题之前，让我们看看应对每种类型变化需要发生什么。在这张幻灯片上，我展示了我简单的颜色编码技术。我简单地将所有类型的能力和技能分类并用不同颜色高亮显示。现在我们可以看到几个主要类别和一些零散项目。让我们稍微深入一些颜色分类的挑战。
首先，以蓝色突出显示的助理挑战和两个工作场所的变化。HR可以评估利用人工智能的技能和能力要求，为员工提供必要的资源，使他们能够理解和利用人工智能技术，以及如何通过人工智能来增强他们的工作。这包括关于人工智能概念、数据分析、自动化工具和人工智能支持决策的培训。HR可以培养持续学习的文化。
其次，以绿色突出显示的变革管理和沟通，在四个不同的工作场所变化中出现。HR可以积极地向员工传达人工智能实施的目的和好处，以提高生产力和效率。HR可以协助经理和员工分析工作并重新设计工作流程，以利用人工智能技术。这涉及识别可以自动化或由人工智能增强的任务和活动，简化工作流程，消除冗余或低价值测试，并确定人类和人工智能如何合作以优化生产力和效率。
第三，以热粉色突出显示的职业发展和内部流动性，在三个不同的工作场所变化中出现。HR可以进行技能评估，以确定组织内现有技能，并确定需要解决的AI相关角色的差距。这包括识别与人工智能技术合作所需的技术技能，如机器学习，以及有效沟通、批判性思维和问题解决所必需的软技能。
最后，以灰蓝色突出显示的伦理指导和治理，在三个不同的工作场所变化中出现。HR可以与法律、合规团队等相关利益相关者协作，为人工智能变革建立治理框架。那些仍以黑色显示的功能在未来几年将看到更多的自动化和置换，投资较少，因为这些能力在人工智能转型中的相关性较低。
为了跟上甚至领导人工智能趋势及其对工作场所的影响，HR可以采取几个积极的步骤。以下是我们可以考虑的一些关键行动：持续学习，HR专业人士可以深入了解人工智能技术、应用和影响；识别人力资源中的人工智能用例，HR可以探索各种可以增强其功能和简化流程的人工智能应用，例如自动化日常行政任务、改进候选人筛选和选拔流程，以及提供个性化的学习和发展机会；评估组织的人工智能准备情况，HR可以评估组织当前的基础设施、技术能力和文化，以确定其采用人工智能的准备情况；通信和透明度，人工智能实施期间的沟通和透明度对于缓解对工作安全的担忧、澄清人工智能采用的好处以及确保员工理解人工智能技术将如何增强而非取代他们的工作至关重要；监控和评估人工智能实施，HR可以持续监控人工智能对工作场所的影响，并从员工那里收集反馈，以识别改进领域。定期的评估和反馈循环将有助于完善人工智能实施。
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