2025年12月23日,美国国土安全部(DHS)与美国公民及移民服务局(USCIS)在官网新闻稿中确认,H-1B名额选择机制将迎来重大调整:未来当注册人数超过年度上限时,传统“纯随机抽签”将被“加权选择(weighted selection)”取代。USCIS表示,过去的随机抽签曾被部分雇主滥用,通过大量低薪岗位注册“冲池”,导致低技能、低工资外籍劳工更容易中签,从而损害美国本土劳工的工资、工作条件与就业机会。新规旨在提高更高技能、更高薪酬申请人的获选概率,以更符合国会对H-1B项目的初衷,并强化美国竞争力。以下是AI综合各个官方文件的清晰解读,供参考

一、官方确认了什么?
2025 年 12 月 23 日,USCIS 在官网发布新闻稿确认:美国国土安全部(DHS)将修订 H-1B 名额选择规则,用“加权选择(weighted selection)”替代传统的“随机抽签(random lottery)”,以更优先分配给“更高技能、更高薪酬”的申请人,目标是更好地保护美国本土劳工的工资、工作条件与就业机会。USCIS
与新闻稿配套的 Final Rule(最终规则) 已以 Public Inspection 形式发布,文件明确该规则将于 2026 年 2 月 27 日生效,并用于 FY 2027(2027 财年)H-1B cap 注册季。Federal Register Public Inspection+1
二、最关键变化:不是“取消抽签”,而是“抽签概率倾斜”
这次改革的重点不在于取消抽签,而在于:当注册人数超过名额上限、必须进行选择时,USCIS 不再让所有注册“同等概率随机”,而是根据工资水平给予不同权重,使高工资岗位获得更高被选中的概率。USCIS 在官方说明中强调,该机制会“总体上更偏向(generally favor)更高技能、更高薪酬的申请人”,同时“仍保留所有工资等级参与的机会”。USCIS+1
三、加权依据是什么?与 DOL 的 OEWS 工资等级挂钩
Final Rule 的核心逻辑,是把“工资”作为技能与岗位价值的可量化代理指标(政策语言为优先高技能、高薪酬)。你的中文稿中提到的“四级工资(Level I–IV)”框架,来自美国劳工部的职业工资统计体系(OEWS)对应的 prevailing wage 分层概念;在 USCIS 的 H-1B 注册流程官方页面中,也明确提到该 Final Rule 将实施“weighted selection”并以更高工资/技能为倾向。USCIS
(注:权重如何具体落在 Level I=1、Level II=2、Level III=3、Level IV=4 的执行细则,应以 Final Rule 的条文与 USCIS 后续系统实施说明为准。你现在持有的 2025-23853 PDF 正是用于核对这一点的“法律文本本体”。Federal Register Public Inspection+1)
四、哪些“不变”?这点对雇主和 HR 很重要
从官方文件表述看,本次改革有几项关键“保持不变”的部分:
1)年度名额结构不变
仍然维持 65,000 个常规名额 + 20,000 个美国高学历(advanced degree)名额。USCIS+1
2)仍然是注册阶段的选择机制调整
官方表述将这次改革定位为“选择过程(selection process)”的修订。也就是说,它改变的是“谁更容易在注册阶段被选中”,并不等于“被选中就一定获批”。USCIS+1
3)实质审查与合规要求并未被取消
Final Rule 与 USCIS 页面均指向:H-1B 后续仍要满足所有既有法规与合规要求(如职位专业性、薪资合规、LCA 等)。换句话说,加权机制只是改变“入场顺序”,不替代后续的合规与真实性审核。USCIS+1
五、潜在影响:谁受益、谁承压?
基于规则设计本身(以工资分层作为权重),其影响方向相对清晰:
更可能受益的群体
高薪资、资深或紧缺岗位(更容易落在更高工资分位/更高 Level),以及更有能力支付市场高位薪酬的大型雇主。这与官方“优先高技能、高薪酬”的政策目标一致。USCIS+1
更可能承压的群体
初创公司、中小企业(预算约束更强),以及入门级岗位或薪资更接近 Level I/II 的候选人。虽然官方强调“各工资等级仍有机会”,但在概率权重机制下,实际中签率结构很可能出现倾斜。USCIS+1
六、对 HR / 雇主的现实建议:把 H-1B 从“运气”变成“可控变量”
在加权抽签框架下,HR 和雇主在注册前的准备会更“策略化”:
1)岗位定级与薪资策略需要提前做
同一岗位在不同地区、不同薪资定位可能对应不同工资分位/Level。提前对标市场薪酬并合理定薪,将直接影响进入抽签池的“权重”。(具体定级方法与合规口径建议与移民律师/合规顾问确认。)
2)招聘规划要前置到注册窗口之前
过去很多公司把抽签视为随机事件;未来应把岗位级别、薪资结构与人才引进路径更早纳入年度 workforce planning。
3)合规底线不会降低,反而更容易被放大审视
政策目标本身强调保护美国劳工与防止滥用,因此雇主在职位真实性、工作内容专业性、薪资合理性、LCA 流程等方面的合规管理更关键。USCIS+1
七、时间线:你需要核实的三个关键日期
免责声明
本文基于 DHS/USCIS 官方公开信息与联邦公报相关文件进行整理解读,旨在提供一般性信息参考,不构成法律意见或移民申请建议。H-1B 相关政策适用高度依赖具体事实与个案情况(包括但不限于岗位职责、薪资结构、工作地点、雇主资质、合规流程等),不同情形可能产生不同结论。建议雇主与申请人就具体问题咨询各自的移民律师或专业合规顾问,以获取针对自身情况的准确建议。
附录:官方原文链接(建议在文末以“参考资料/来源”呈现)
1)USCIS 新闻稿(Release Date: 12/23/2025)
2)Final Rule(Public Inspection PDF:2025-23853)
3)Federal Register(Public Inspection 页面:2025-23853)
4)USCIS H-1B Electronic Registration Process(流程说明页)
附录新闻稿原文:
DHS Changes Process for Awarding H-1B Work Visas to Better Protect American Workers
WASHINGTON – The Department of Homeland Security is amending regulations governing the H-1B work visa selection process to prioritize the allocation of visas to higher-skilled and higher-paid aliens to better protect the wages, working conditions, and job opportunities for American workers. The new rule replaces the random lottery for selecting visa recipients with a process that gives greater weight to those with higher skills.
“The existing random selection process of H-1B registrations was exploited and abused by U.S. employers who were primarily seeking to import foreign workers at lower wages than they would pay American workers,” said U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services spokesman Matthew Tragesser. “The new weighted selection will better serve Congress’ intent for the H-1B program and strengthen America’s competitiveness by incentivizing American employers to petition for higher-paid, higher-skilled foreign workers. With these regulatory changes and others in the future, we will continue to update the H-1B program to help American businesses without allowing the abuse that was harming American workers.”
The number of H-1B visas issued annually is limited to 65,000, with an additional 20,000 for U.S. advanced degree holders. The current random selection process has often been criticized for allowing unscrupulous employers to exploit it by flooding the selection pool with lower-skilled foreign workers paid at low wages, to the detriment of the American workforce. To address these concerns, the final rule will implement a weighted selection process that will increase the probability that H-1B visas are allocated to higher-skilled and higher-paid aliens while maintaining the opportunity for employers to secure H-1B workers at all wage levels. This final rule is effective Feb. 27, 2026, and will be in place for the FY 2027 H-1B cap registration season.
The rule is another crucial step to strengthen the integrity of the H-1B nonimmigrant visa program. It is in line with other key changes the administration has made, such as the
Presidential Proclamation that requires employers to pay an additional $100,000 per visa as a condition of eligibility.
“As part of the Trump Administration’s commitment to H-1B reform, we will continue to demand more from both employers and aliens so as not to undercut American workers and to put America first,” said Tragesser.