美国国税局(IRS)公布2025年最新税收调整方案 IRS releases tax inflation adjustments for tax year 2025
华盛顿——美国国税局(IRS)近日宣布了2025纳税年度的年度通胀调整内容。这些调整涉及60多项税收规定的变更,影响纳税人从2026年报税季开始提交的申报。以下是2025年最受关注的税收调整:
主要调整
标准扣除额
单身纳税人和分开申报的已婚人士:标准扣除额提高到15,000美元(比2024年增加400美元)。
联合申报的已婚夫妇:标准扣除额提高到30,000美元(比2024年增加800美元)。
户主:标准扣除额提高到22,500美元(比2024年增加600美元)。
边际税率
37%税率:个人收入超过626,350美元(已婚联合申报超过751,600美元)。
35%税率:个人收入超过250,525美元(已婚联合申报超过501,050美元)。
32%税率:个人收入超过197,300美元(已婚联合申报超过394,600美元)。
24%税率:个人收入超过103,350美元(已婚联合申报超过206,700美元)。
22%税率:个人收入超过48,475美元(已婚联合申报超过96,950美元)。
12%税率:个人收入超过11,925美元(已婚联合申报超过23,850美元)。
10%税率:个人收入11,925美元及以下(已婚联合申报23,850美元及以下)。
其他显著变化
替代性最低税(AMT)豁免额
单身纳税人:豁免额提高至88,100美元(分开申报的已婚人士为68,650美元),逐步减少起点为626,350美元。
已婚联合申报:豁免额提高至137,000美元,逐步减少起点为1,252,700美元。
所得税抵免(EITC)
有三名或以上合格子女的纳税人,2025年最高所得税抵免金额为8,046美元(2024年为7,830美元)。
合格交通福利
月度限额提高到325美元(2024年为315美元)。
健康灵活支出账户(FSA)
员工薪资减少用于健康FSA的限额增加到3,300美元(2024年为3,200美元)。未使用金额的最大结转金额提高到660美元(2024年为640美元)。
医疗储蓄账户(MSA)
单人计划的年度免赔额范围:$2,850-$4,300,自付费用限额提高至**$5,700**。
家庭计划的年度免赔额范围:$5,700-$8,550,自付费用限额提高至**$10,500**。
海外收入排除
海外收入排除额提高到130,000美元(2024年为126,500美元)。
遗产税排除额
2025年遗产税基本排除额提高到13,990,000美元(2024年为13,610,000美元)。
年度赠与税豁免额
2025年增加到19,000美元(2024年为18,000美元)。
收养税收抵免
特殊需要儿童收养的最高抵免额增加到17,280美元(2024年为16,810美元)。
未调整项目
根据法律规定,以下项目保持不变:
个人豁免额:2025年仍为0,与2024年一致。
逐项扣除额限制:2025年仍无逐项扣除限制。
IR-2024-273, Oct. 22, 2024
WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service announced today the annual inflation adjustments for tax year 2025.
Revenue Procedure 2024-40 PDF provides detailed information on adjustments and changes to more than 60 tax provisions that will impact taxpayers when they file their returns in 2026.
Notable changes for tax year 2025
The tax year 2025 adjustments described below generally apply to income tax returns to be filed starting tax season 2026. The tax items for tax year 2025 of greatest interest to many taxpayers include the following dollar amounts:
Standard deductions. For single taxpayers and married individuals filing separately for tax year 2025, the standard deduction rises to $15,000 for 2025, an increase of $400 from 2024. For married couples filing jointly, the standard deduction rises to $30,000, an increase of $800 from tax year 2024. For heads of households, the standard deduction will be $22,500 for tax year 2025, an increase of $600 from the amount for tax year 2024.
Marginal rates. For tax year 2025, the top tax rate remains 37% for individual single taxpayers with incomes greater than $626,350 ($751,600 for married couples filing jointly). The other rates are:
35% for incomes over $250,525 ($501,050 for married couples filing jointly).
32% for incomes over $197,300 ($394,600 for married couples filing jointly).
24% for incomes over $103,350 ($206,700 for married couples filing jointly).
22% for incomes over $48,475 ($96,950 for married couples filing jointly).
12% for incomes over $11,925 ($23,850 for married couples filing jointly).
10% for incomes $11,925 or less ($23,850 or less for married couples filing jointly).
Alternative minimum tax exemption amounts. For tax year 2025, the exemption amount for unmarried individuals increases to $88,100 ($68,650 for married individuals filing separately) and begins to phase out at $626,350. For married couples filing jointly, the exemption amount increases to $137,000 and begins to phase out at $1,252,700.
Earned income tax credits. For qualifying taxpayers who have three or more qualifying children, the tax year 2025 maximum Earned Income Tax Credit amount is $8,046, an increase from $7,830 for tax year 2024. The revenue procedure contains a table providing maximum EITC amount for other categories, income thresholds and phase-outs.
Qualified transportation fringe benefit. For tax year 2025, the monthly limitation for the qualified transportation fringe benefit and the monthly limitation for qualified parking rises to $325, increasing from $315 in tax year 2024.
Health flexible spending cafeteria plans. For the taxable years beginning in 2025, the dollar limitation for employee salary reductions for contributions to health flexible spending arrangements rises to $3,300, increasing from $3,200 in tax year 2024. For cafeteria plans that permit the carryover of unused amounts, the maximum carryover amount rises to $660, increasing from $640 in tax year 2024.
Medical savings accounts. For tax year 2025, participants who have self-only coverage the plan must have an annual deductible that is not less than $2,850 (a $50 increase from the previous tax year), but not more than $4,300 (an increase of $150 from the previous tax year).
The maximum out-of-pocket expense amount rises to $5,700, increasing from $5,550 in tax year 2024.
For family coverage in tax year 2025, the annual deductible is not less than $5,700, increasing from $5,550 in tax year 2024; however, the deductible cannot be more than $8,550, an increase of $200 versus the limit for tax year 2024. For family coverage, the out-of-pocket expense limit is $10,500 for tax year 2025, rising from $10,200 in tax year 2024.
Foreign earned income exclusion. For tax year 2025, the foreign earned income exclusion increases to $130,000, from $126,500 in tax year 2024.
Estate tax credits. Estates of decedents who die during 2025 have a basic exclusion amount of $13,990,000, increased from $13,610,000 for estates of decedents who died in 2024.
Annual exclusion for gifts increases to $19,000 for calendar year 2025, rising from $18,000 for calendar year 2024.
Adoption credits. For tax year 2025, the maximum credit allowed for an adoption of a child with special needs is the amount of qualified adoption expenses up to $17,280, increased from $16,810 for tax year 2024.
Unchanged for tax year 2025
By statute, certain items that were indexed for inflation in the past are currently not adjusted.
Personal exemptions for tax year 2025 remain at 0, as in tax year 2024. The elimination of the personal exemption was a provision in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
Itemized deductions. There is no limitation on itemized deductions for tax year 2025, as in tax year 2024 and preceding, to tax year 2018. The limitation on itemized deductions was eliminated by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
Lifetime learning credits. The modified adjusted gross income amount used by taxpayers to determine the reduction in the Lifetime Learning Credit provided in Sec. 25A(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code is not adjusted for inflation for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2020. The Lifetime Learning Credit is phased out for taxpayers with modified adjusted gross income in excess of $80,000 ($160,000 for joint returns).
Happy Labor DayHappy Labor Day to all Chinese HR professionals in North America! Your dedication and hard work significantly enrich our workplaces and drive the future of HR. #LaborDay #ChineseHR #NACSHR #HappyLaborDay
Happy Labor Day
资讯
2024年09月01日
资讯
Care.com因夸大工作数量和收入,被诉向FTC支付850万美元和解金美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)对Care.com采取了法律行动,原因是该公司在其平台上关于照护工作的可用性和潜在收入的广告中存在误导性陈述。这些广告经常夸大了工作的数量和可能的收入,同时还使用户难以取消他们的订阅。根据和解协议,Care.com必须支付850万美元用于消费者退款,并且要求公司未来在做出收入声明时必须实事求是,并简化订阅取消流程。此举不仅保护了消费者权益,也促进了更为诚信的市场环境。
近日,美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)与在线护理服务平台Care.com达成了一项重要的和解协议。此次和解,Care.com将支付850万美元,用于赔偿因其误导性广告和复杂的取消流程受损的消费者。
FTC指控Care.com在其平台上发布的护理工作的可用性和潜在收入方面存在误导性信息。此外,Care.com的订阅取消流程复杂,迫使消费者无法轻易取消服务,从而违反了消费者权益。
对此,Care.com表示,尽管公司对FTC的指控持有异议,并有信心通过法律途径争取正当权益,但最终决定选择和解,以避免长时间的诉讼消耗公司资源。Care.com强调,和解不代表对FTC指控的认可,公司的主要目标仍是为美国家庭及看护工作者提供高质量的服务。
Care.com回应称,他们一直致力于透明和公平地展示工作机会和薪资信息,任何误导消费者的行为都不符合公司的业务宗旨。关于FTC提出的取消订阅问题,Care.com承诺将进一步简化流程,确保消费者能够轻松管理其订阅。
此外,此次事件也引起了业界对护理经济透明度和公平性的广泛关注。随着护理服务需求的增加,消费者对透明度和公平交易的要求也日益增强。业内专家指出,此类和解案例可能会推动行业内更多的自我监管和改进,从而提高服务质量和消费者满意度。
长期以来,Care.com已在全美各地提供服务,帮助数百万家庭找到合适的看护资源。公司表示,尽管面临FTC的指控和和解,但会继续扩展其服务,确保为更多家庭和看护工作者创造价值。
FTC方面也表达了对和解结果的满意,认为这是保护消费者权益的重要一步。FTC表示将继续监督市场,确保所有企业都能遵守公平竞争和诚实宣传的原则。
总之,此次和解不仅解决了Care.com与FTC之间的法律纠纷,也为护理服务行业树立了一个公平交易和消费者保护的标杆。未来,Care.com及同行业的其他公司可能需要在确保广告真实性和提供消费者友好服务方面做出更多努力。
附录Care.com 的回应新闻稿
CARE.COM RESPONSE TO FTC AGREEMENT
At Care.com, we put our members first, providing valuable tools and resources to help families find care and caregivers find jobs.
Though we were fully prepared to litigate for the next several years if necessary and confident in our position, we decided to enter into an agreement with the FTC to resolve this matter now and keep our focus on helping our customers.
This settlement is in no way a validation of the FTC’s claims. In fact, the settlement requires no material change in how Care.com serves those who use its platform.
At a time when the care economy is under assault, when families are draining their savings to afford child care, when caregivers are leaving the profession and when our growing senior population is facing astronomical long term care costs, it is disappointing that the FTC has chosen to attack trusted businesses who are part of the solution.
We have been in business nearly 20 years, available in every state and every town in America. That kind of longevity and scale comes from putting customers first every day; helping millions of families access the care they need and connecting millions of caregivers with meaningful, well-paying jobs.
In response to the FTC’s press release, we wanted to clarify a few facts:
The presentation of available job opportunities: We would not be in business for long if we manipulated optics, inflated statistics and attempted to trick our customers. We have found that many care seekers prefer to see a level of interest in their job post before committing to a premium membership, and our basic service tier offers this “try before you buy” opportunity. When a seeker sees the array of caregivers available, the commitment to premium membership—which enables seekers to contact and hire caregivers—follows naturally.
Earnings data: Care.com does not set rates and we never make promises about earnings. The data we provide about posted rates is based solely on what families say they are willing to pay, which varies significantly. Given the size of our platform, the potential earnings data we provide is at scale, and helps maintain a balanced and fair market for care.
Cancellation process: Families and caregivers can and do cancel memberships at any time and for a variety of reasons, including having successfully found a caregiver or a job. Our members can easily cancel if they wish, and we are further streamlining the process for doing so. Cancellation instructions for desktop and mobile users are included in every confirmation email upon sign up, accessible in our Help Center and available through our Customer Care support team which also offers 24 hour support via chat.
Given the care crisis in America, we believe our collective energy as a country should be on solutions, not nitpicking attacks. Care.com intends to keep our focus on what matters: American families and the hardworking caregivers who support them.
资讯
2024年08月26日
资讯
德州联邦法官全国范围内推翻联邦贸易委员会禁止竞业限制协议的禁令On August 20, 2024, a federal judge in Texas struck down the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) nationwide ban on noncompete agreements, ruling that the ban exceeded the agency's statutory authority and violated the Administrative Procedure Act. This decision, just 15 days before the ban was set to take effect, marks a significant victory for employers, particularly in the healthcare sector, and a setback for medical workers who anticipated increased job mobility and wage growth. The ruling also aligns with concerns from the American Hospital Association and other industry groups regarding the potential disruptive impact of the ban. The FTC is considering an appeal, but the ruling emphasizes the ongoing legal challenges surrounding the agency's authority to regulate noncompete agreements.
德克萨斯州一位联邦法官周二推翻了联邦贸易委员会(FTC)对雇佣合同中竞业限制协议的禁令,裁定该禁令违反了《行政程序法》并超出了该机构的法定权限。
这一裁决适用于全国范围,并在禁令原定于9月4日生效前15天作出。
美国德克萨斯北区地方法院的艾达·布朗法官上个月已经做出裁定,初步禁止FTC的竞业限制禁令,但仅限于本案的原告。
然而,布朗法官在8月20日的决定中完全取消了这一规定,因为她写道,APA“并未考虑针对特定当事方的救济”。
这一决定是对美国商会——全国最大的商业游说团体——的胜利,商会与一家税务公司一起提起了诉讼。
对于医疗行业而言,这一裁决则是喜忧参半。禁令原本被认为可以帮助被限制性合同束缚的医生、护士和其他医疗工作者更容易换工作,并可能促使工资上涨。
据美国医学会称,大约35%到45%的医生受到竞业限制协议的约束。
然而,关于禁令仍有一些悬而未决的问题,包括FTC是否有法律权力颁布此禁令、是否适用于非营利性医院以及它将如何影响并购活动、医生短缺和招聘工作,特别是对较小的地区系统。
强烈反对这一禁令的强大医院游说团体——美国医院协会,对法官的决定表示了赞扬。
“这一规定是监管权力的惊人宣示……更糟糕的是,委员会没有尝试理解它对医院、卫生系统以及他们所服务的患者所产生的破坏性影响,”AHA总法律顾问查德·戈尔德在与Healthcare Dive分享的声明中说。
与此同时,FTC发言人维多利亚·格雷厄姆表示,FTC正在“认真考虑”上诉。
格雷厄姆指出,布朗的裁决并未阻止监管机构通过个案执法来追究过度限制性的竞业限制协议。
今年4月,FTC以3票对2票通过了这项禁令,该禁令将使所有现有的竞业限制协议(除了一些高级管理人员外)不可执行,并禁止签订新的此类合同。两位共和党委员投票反对这一禁令,认为FTC没有国会授权来实施它。
在周二的裁决中,布朗法官认为《联邦贸易委员会法》确实赋予FTC“制定规则以排除不公平竞争方法”的某些权力,但该机构“没有创建实质性规则”的权力,比如竞业限制协议禁令。
这一观点得到了这样一个事实的支持,即国会没有为某些FTC法规的违反规定制裁措施,“这表明缺乏实质性效力”,她说。
布朗还得出结论认为,FTC的禁令在《行政程序法》意义上是任意和反复无常的,因为它不合理地过于宽泛且没有合理解释。
法官表示,该机构未能为其决定禁止所有竞业限制协议而不是针对具体有害协议提供证据。
布朗的裁决与7月23日支持FTC的宾夕法尼亚州联邦法官的裁决相冲突,该法官拒绝阻止禁令。上周,佛罗里达州的一位联邦法官也对禁令发布了有限的禁令,认为FTC可能超越了其法定权限。
这些不同的裁决表明,FTC是否有权禁止竞业限制条款的问题可能会面临上诉审查。