言信律师事务所介绍——NACSHR夏季论坛赞助合作伙伴言信律师事务所 介绍：
美国言信律师事务所位于世界中心曼哈顿， 是一个精耕美国移民案子的律师事务所。我们代理过的客户从上市公司、小型初创企业到个人，我们的目标是致力于为申请人提供最新、最合适的移民策略。
THE LAW FIRM OF ATTORNEY PENG
我们的行业经验
彭律师事务所自成立以来专注于美国移民法业务。 作为新移民的生活引领者，精心办理EB-1、EB-5、O1、L-1、以及职业移民等各类移民案件。 此外，他们还为客户提供一系列移民项目。 通过投资、创业、科技、艺术等多元化移民路线，为数以万计的家庭和个人架起通往美国的桥梁。
我们对结果的承诺
创始人彭律师不仅拥有10多年办理美国移民的经验，而且擅长办理疑难案件。 入管局有很多主观判断因素。 彭律师拥有充足的过往申请案例，对各种被移民局拒绝的“疑难杂症”有深入的研究，从而准确评估申请人，通过上诉让申请起死回生。
我们的理念
彭律师事务所为申请人提供了诚信、专业、高效、满意的服务，得到了广大客户的高度认可。 但我们深知，客户的每一次移民都是对整个家庭和未来的重大计划和改变。 因此，每个项目提交前，团队都会对申请人进行全面评估，并对项目的法律文件进行严格审核，让移民变得安全、高效。
我们的经验
当案件涉及不同领域的法律时，我们将与相应领域的专业团队合作，提供赢得案件的关键行业资源，设计稳定的解决方案，确保客户在案件申请过程中得到有效的支持。
官方网站：https://www.thepenglaw.com/
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2024年05月22日
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加州最高法院倾向支持第22号提案：零工工人或继续作为独立承包商加州最高法院似乎对否决选民对第 22 号提案的意见犹豫不决，该提案是一项允许共享单车公司将司机归类为独立承包商的投票倡议。大法官们在口头辩论中的提问方式表明，可能会寻求妥协，而不是完全宣布该法律无效。2020 年，58% 的选民通过了第 22 号提案，但该提案一直面临着法律挑战，其命运可能会对加州临时工的分类和福利产生重大影响。
The California Supreme Court appears hesitant to overrule voters on Proposition 22, a ballot initiative allowing ride-share companies to classify drivers as independent contractors. The justices' line of questioning during oral arguments suggested a compromise might be sought, rather than fully invalidating the law. Proposition 22, passed by 58% of voters in 2020, has faced ongoing legal challenges and its fate could significantly impact gig workers' classification and benefits in California.
加州最高法院在审理第22号提案（Prop. 22）时显得犹豫，似乎不愿推翻这项由选民在2020年通过的提案。第22号提案允许网约车公司如优步和Lyft将司机归类为独立承包商，而不是雇员。这项提案自成为法律以来，一直面临法律挑战，包括被一名高等法院法官裁定违宪，随后又被上诉法院维持原判。现在，加州最高法院正在审理这项提案是否与州议会执行完整工人赔偿系统的宪法权力相冲突。
在听取口头辩论时，法官们的提问表明，他们可能在寻求一种折中方案，而不是完全废除这项法律。首席大法官帕特里夏·格雷罗问到，议员是否可以恢复零工工人的工人赔偿，而副大法官古德温·刘则指出，选民提案的权力是否等同于立法权力，是否意味着选民在工人赔偿领域完全无权行动。
代表SEIU加州和四名零工工人的律师斯科特·克朗兰德强调，第22号提案与议会的无限权力相冲突。而代表零工公司的律师杰弗里·费舍尔则认为，宪法允许选民对任何主题采取行动，甚至可以通过提案取消工人赔偿，但他认为这距离实际情况还很远。
零工工人团体的一些成员在法庭外举行了集会，呼吁支持零工工人的权益。提案的支持者如贝区司机科拉·曼达帕特则表示，她依赖于提案中的一些规定，比如保证最低工资120%的收入，而反对者如埃德·卡拉斯科则认为法官们似乎在寻找修改提案的方法，以便让零工工人可以在某些情况下获得工人赔偿。
最高法院的七位法官将在90天内作出决定，这一决定可能会改变加州的零工经济。如果第22号提案被推翻，零工公司将受到2019年通过的第5号法案（Assembly Bill 5）的约束，这可能会要求公司为他们的140万名工人支付雇佣税，并提供额外的福利，如病假工资和超时工资。
反对第22号提案的人指出，零工工人的薪酬和福利仍然存在问题。加州大学伯克利分校劳工中心的一项研究显示，扣除费用后，网约车司机的平均时薪为7.12美元，而送货工人为5.93美元。包括小费在内，司机的平均时薪为9.09美元，送货工人为13.62美元。
这一裁决不仅会影响加州，还可能对其他地方的相关立法和条例产生影响。例如，最近在明尼苏达州，立法者通过了一项法案，设定了网约车司机的最低工资标准，而这些公司威胁要退出该州。
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2024年05月22日
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美国劳工部发布职场人工智能使用原则，保护员工权益（附录原文）
今天5月16日，美国劳工部发布了一套针对人工智能（AI）在职场使用的原则，旨在为雇主提供指导，确保人工智能技术的开发和使用以员工为核心，提升所有员工的工作质量和生活质量。代理劳工部长朱莉·苏在声明中指出：“员工必须是我们国家AI技术发展和使用方法的核心。这些原则反映了拜登-哈里斯政府的信念，人工智能不仅要遵守现有法律，还要提升所有员工的工作和生活质量。”
根据劳工部发布的内容，这些AI原则包括：
以员工赋权为中心：员工及其代表，特别是来自弱势群体的代表，应被告知并有真正的发言权参与AI系统的设计、开发、测试、培训、使用和监督。这确保了AI技术在整个生命周期中考虑到员工的需求和反馈。
道德开发AI：AI系统应以保护员工为目标设计、开发和培训。这意味着在开发AI时，需要优先考虑员工的安全、健康和福祉，防止技术对员工造成不利影响。
建立AI治理和人工监督：组织应有明确的治理体系、程序、人工监督和评估流程，确保AI系统在职场中的使用符合伦理规范，并有适当的监督机制来防止误用。
确保AI使用的透明度：雇主应对员工和求职者透明地展示其使用的AI系统。这包括向员工说明AI系统的功能、目的以及其在工作中的具体应用，增强员工的信任感。
保护劳动和就业权利：AI系统不应违反或破坏员工的组织权、健康和安全权、工资和工时权以及反歧视和反报复保护。这确保了员工在AI技术的应用下，其基本劳动权益不受侵害。
使用AI来支持员工：AI系统应协助、补充和支持员工，并改善工作质量。这意味着AI应被用来提升员工的工作效率和舒适度，而不是取代员工或增加其工作负担。
支持受AI影响的员工：雇主应在与AI相关的工作转换期间支持或提升员工的技能。这包括提供培训和职业发展机会，帮助员工适应新的工作环境和技术要求。
确保负责任地使用员工数据：AI系统收集、使用或创建的员工数据应限于合法商业目的，并被负责地保护和处理。这确保了员工数据的隐私和安全，防止数据滥用。
这些原则是根据拜登总统发布的《安全、可靠和可信赖的人工智能开发和使用行政命令》制定的，旨在为开发者和雇主提供路线图，确保员工在AI技术带来的新机遇中受益，同时避免潜在的危害。
拜登政府强调，这些原则不仅适用于特定行业，而是应在各个领域广泛应用。原则不是详尽的列表，而是一个指导框架，供企业根据自身情况进行定制，并在员工参与下实施最佳实践。通过这种方式，拜登政府希望能在确保AI技术推动创新和机会的同时，保护员工的权益，避免技术可能带来的负面影响。
这套原则发布后，您认为它会对贵公司的AI技术使用和员工权益保护产生怎样的影响？
英文如下：
Department of Labor's Artificial Intelligence and Worker Well-being: Principles for Developers and Employers
Since taking office, President Biden, Vice President Harris, and the entire Biden-Harris Administration have moved with urgency to harness AI's potential to spur innovation, advance opportunity, and transform the nature of many jobs and industries, while also protecting workers from the risk that they might not share in these gains. As part of this commitment, the AI Executive Order directed the Department of Labor to create Principles for Developers and Employers when using AI in the workplace. These Principles will create a roadmap for developers and employers on how to harness AI technologies for their businesses while ensuring workers benefit from new opportunities created by AI and are protected from its potential harms.
The precise scope and nature of how AI will change the workplace remains uncertain. AI can positively augment work by replacing and automating repetitive tasks or assisting with routine decisions, which may reduce the burden on workers and allow them to better perform other responsibilities. Consequently, the introduction of AI-augmented work will create demand for workers to gain new skills and training to learn how to use AI in their day-to-day work. AI will also continue creating new jobs, including those focused on the development, deployment, and human oversight of AI. But AI-augmented work also poses risks if workers no longer have autonomy and direction over their work or their job quality declines. The risks of AI for workers are greater if it undermines workers' rights, embeds bias and discrimination in decision-making processes, or makes consequential workplace decisions without transparency, human oversight and review. There are also risks that workers will be displaced entirely from their jobs by AI.
In recent years, unions and employers have come together to collectively bargain new agreements setting sensible, worker-protective guardrails around the use of AI and automated systems in the workplace. In order to provide AI developers and employers across the country with a shared set of guidelines, the Department of Labor developed "Artificial Intelligence and Worker Well-being: Principles for Developers and Employers" as directed by President Biden's Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, with input from workers, unions, researchers, academics, employers, and developers, among others, and through public listening sessions.
APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES
The following Principles apply to the development and deployment of AI systems in the workplace, and should be considered during the whole lifecycle of AI – from design to development, testing, training, deployment and use, oversight, and auditing. The Principles are applicable to all sectors and intended to be mutually reinforcing, though not all Principles will apply to the same extent in every industry or workplace. The Principles are not intended to be an exhaustive list but instead a guiding framework for businesses. AI developers and employers should review and customize the best practices based on their own context and with input from workers.
The Department's AI Principles for Developers and Employers include:
[North Star] Centering Worker Empowerment: Workers and their representatives, especially those from underserved communities, should be informed of and have genuine input in the design, development, testing, training, use, and oversight of AI systems for use in the workplace.
Ethically Developing AI: AI systems should be designed, developed, and trained in a way that protects workers.
Establishing AI Governance and Human Oversight: Organizations should have clear governance systems, procedures, human oversight, and evaluation processes for AI systems for use in the workplace.
Ensuring Transparency in AI Use: Employers should be transparent with workers and job seekers about the AI systems that are being used in the workplace.
Protecting Labor and Employment Rights: AI systems should not violate or undermine workers' right to organize, health and safety rights, wage and hour rights, and anti-discrimination and anti-retaliation protections.
Using AI to Enable Workers: AI systems should assist, complement, and enable workers, and improve job quality.
Supporting Workers Impacted by AI: Employers should support or upskill workers during job transitions related to AI.
Ensuring Responsible Use of Worker Data: Workers' data collected, used, or created by AI systems should be limited in scope and location, used only to support legitimate business aims, and protected and handled responsibly.
美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）FTC 宣布全国范围内禁止竞业协议，详细请看
美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）于2024年4月23日发布最终规定，全国范围内禁止非竞争协议。此举旨在通过保护工人更换工作的自由来促进竞争，增加创新，并推动经济增长。根据FTC的预测，新业务的形成将每年增加2.7%，预计每年将新增超过8500家新企业。此外，预计工人的平均收入将增加524美元，未来十年内医疗费用预计将减少高达1940亿美元。同时，预计该规定还将在未来十年内每年新增17000至29000项专利。
详情以英文版为准：
FTC Announces Rule Banning Noncompetes
FTC’s final rule will generate over 8,500 new businesses each year, raise worker wages, lower health care costs, and boost innovation
Today, the Federal Trade Commission issued a final rule to promote competition by banning noncompetes nationwide, protecting the fundamental freedom of workers to change jobs, increasing innovation, and fostering new business formation.
“Noncompete clauses keep wages low, suppress new ideas, and rob the American economy of dynamism, including from the more than 8,500 new startups that would be created a year once noncompetes are banned,” said FTC Chair Lina M. Khan. “The FTC’s final rule to ban noncompetes will ensure Americans have the freedom to pursue a new job, start a new business, or bring a new idea to market.”
The FTC estimates that the final rule banning noncompetes will lead to new business formation growing by 2.7% per year, resulting in more than 8,500 additional new businesses created each year. The final rule is expected to result in higher earnings for workers, with estimated earnings increasing for the average worker by an additional $524 per year, and it is expected to lower health care costs by up to $194 billion over the next decade. In addition, the final rule is expected to help drive innovation, leading to an estimated average increase of 17,000 to 29,000 more patents each year for the next 10 years under the final rule.
Noncompetes are a widespread and often exploitative practice imposing contractual conditions that prevent workers from taking a new job or starting a new business. Noncompetes often force workers to either stay in a job they want to leave or bear other significant harms and costs, such as being forced to switch to a lower-paying field, being forced to relocate, being forced to leave the workforce altogether, or being forced to defend against expensive litigation. An estimated 30 million workers—nearly one in five Americans—are subject to a noncompete.
Under the FTC’s new rule, existing noncompetes for the vast majority of workers will no longer be enforceable after the rule’s effective date. Existing noncompetes for senior executives - who represent less than 0.75% of workers - can remain in force under the FTC’s final rule, but employers are banned from entering into or attempting to enforce any new noncompetes, even if they involve senior executives. Employers will be required to provide notice to workers other than senior executives who are bound by an existing noncompete that they will not be enforcing any noncompetes against them.
In January 2023, the FTC issued a proposed rule which was subject to a 90-day public comment period. The FTC received more than 26,000 comments on the proposed rule, with over 25,000 comments in support of the FTC’s proposed ban on noncompetes. The comments informed the FTC’s final rulemaking process, with the FTC carefully reviewing each comment and making changes to the proposed rule in response to the public’s feedback.
In the final rule, the Commission has determined that it is an unfair method of competition, and therefore a violation of Section 5 of the FTC Act, for employers to enter into noncompetes with workers and to enforce certain noncompetes.
The Commission found that noncompetes tend to negatively affect competitive conditions in labor markets by inhibiting efficient matching between workers and employers. The Commission also found that noncompetes tend to negatively affect competitive conditions in product and service markets, inhibiting new business formation and innovation. There is also evidence that noncompetes lead to increased market concentration and higher prices for consumers.
Alternatives to Noncompetes
The Commission found that employers have several alternatives to noncompetes that still enable firms to protect their investments without having to enforce a noncompete.
Trade secret laws and non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) both provide employers with well-established means to protect proprietary and other sensitive information. Researchers estimate that over 95% of workers with a noncompete already have an NDA.
The Commission also finds that instead of using noncompetes to lock in workers, employers that wish to retain employees can compete on the merits for the worker’s labor services by improving wages and working conditions.
Changes from the NPRM
Under the final rule, existing noncompetes for senior executives can remain in force. Employers, however, are prohibited from entering into or enforcing new noncompetes with senior executives. The final rule defines senior executives as workers earning more than $151,164 annually and who are in policy-making positions.
Additionally, the Commission has eliminated a provision in the proposed rule that would have required employers to legally modify existing noncompetes by formally rescinding them. That change will help to streamline compliance.
Instead, under the final rule, employers will simply have to provide notice to workers bound to an existing noncompete that the noncompete agreement will not be enforced against them in the future. To aid employers’ compliance with this requirement, the Commission has included model language in the final rule that employers can use to communicate to workers.
The Commission vote to approve the issuance of the final rule was 3-2 with Commissioners Melissa Holyoak and Andrew N. Ferguson voting no. Commissioners’ written statements will follow at a later date.
The final rule will become effective 120 days after publication in the Federal Register.
Once the rule is effective, market participants can report information about a suspected violation of the rule to the Bureau of Competition by emailing noncompete@ftc.gov.
The Federal Trade Commission develops policy initiatives on issues that affect competition, consumers, and the U.S. economy. The FTC will never demand money, make threats, tell you to transfer money, or promise you a prize. Follow the FTC on social media, read consumer alerts and the business blog, and sign up to get the latest FTC news and alerts.
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